Thì quá khứ đơn giản (past simple), hình thái (form) và cách dùng (use)

Thì quá khứ đơn (past simple)

A. Hình thái (Form)

Khẳng định (statement)

I/you/he/she/it/they played

Phủ định (negative)

I/you/he/she/it/they didn’t play

Nghi vấn (question)

Did I/you/he/she/it/they play?

Động từ "to be" trong thì quá khứ đơn giản là: WAS và WERE

I/ he/ she/ it was

we/you/they were

Dạng bị động (passive)

Subject + to be (was/were) + past participle (V3)

CHÚ Ý:

Động từ trong thì quá khứ đơn giản được chia thành 2 hình thức:

Có quy tắc (regular verbs): thêm -ed vào cuối động từ
Example: play - played, collect - collected, finish - finished

Bất quy tắc (irregular verbs): học thuộc lòng bảng chia động từ

Example: eat - ate, drive - drove, see - saw

Động từ ở thì quá khứ đơn giản không bị ảnh hưởng bởi chủ ngữ, do đó tất các động từ ở thì quá khứ đều chia giống nhau cho tất cả các chủ ngữ

Example:

I/we/you/they met

He/she/it met

Chữ "met" (quá khứ của "meet") được chia giống nhau cho tất cả các ngôi.

B. Cách dùng (Use)

Diễn tả một hành động, sự việc đã kết thúc trong quá khứ (single completed actions)

• I graduated from university 2 years ago.
• She got married 5 years ago.
• My friend went abroad 6 months ago.
• We went to the cinema yesterday.
• I saw her walking down this street with my husband last night.  

Những thói quen, hay những sự việc lặp lại trong quá khứ (Repeated or habitual actions in the past)

• I saw this movie three times last year.
• I had three cups of coffee this morning.
• I collected stamps when I was a kid.
• I traveled a lot when I was young.

Sự thật trong quá khứ (General truths and facts about the past)

• David Beckham lived in my neighbor before he moved to another place in 1998.
• This mansion was bought by a famous actor.
• Titanic was the world's largest ship in 1912.
• My mom was the greatest person I’ve had. (Now she died)
• He was the best student in my class. (Now he is the worst :( )
• There were a lot of apples on the table. Where are they now?
• The city grew up from a small group of houses near the river.

Kể chuyện (The events in a story)

• Patrick opened the door and looked for the key.
• Joe thought the soap was lemon juice. He put it on his salad and ate it. After he ate the salad, he felt sick. Poor Joe!
• Once upon a time there was a beautiful young princess with long golden hair.

Dùng trong câu điều kiện (Conditional sentences)

• If I were you, I would not tell her.
• If I were rich, I would go to space.
• I would visit Eiffel Tower if I were in Paris.

USED TO

Form (hình thái)

Used to + bare infinitive

(+) Statement (khẳng định): subject + used to + verb

(-) Negative (phủ định): subject + didn’t + use to + verb

(?) Question (nghi vấn): Did + subject + use to + verb ?

Use (cách dùng)

Past habits and states, particularly for the distant past (thói quen, trạng thái trong quá khứ, nay không còn nữa, đặc biệt là những chuyện đã qua lâu lắm rồi)

• I used to go swimming twice a week.
• She used to practice piano.
• He used to have a lot of money when he was in his 20’s.